Books:

Atton, Chris (2002) Alternative Media. London: SAGE Publications.

Atton, Chris. (2004). An Alternative Internet. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Boyle, D. (1997) Subject to change: guerrilla television revisited. New York: Oxford University Press

Couldry, Nick & Curran, James. (2003). Contesting Media Power: Alternative Media in a Networked World. Lanham, UK: Rowman & Littlefield.

Critical Art Ensemble. (2001). Digital Resistance: Explorations in Tactical Media. Brooklyn: Autonomedia.

Downing, John. (1984). Radical Media: The Political Organization of Alternative Communication. Boston: South End Press

Downing, John with Tamara Villareal Ford, Genéve Gil and Laura Stein (2001) Radical Media: Rebellious Communication and Social Movements. London: Sage Publications.

Duncombe, Stephen (1997). Notes from the Underground: Zines and the Politics of Alternative Culture. London: Verso.

Hacker, Kenneth L. & van Dijk, Jan eds. (2000) Digital Democracy: Issues of Theory and Practice. London: SAGE.

Halleck, DeeDee. (2002). Hand-held Visions: The Impossible Possibilities of Community Media. New York: Fordham University Press

Hazen, Don and Julie Winokur, (eds). (1997) We the Media: A Citizens’ Guide to Fighting for Media Democracy. New York: The New Press.

Hilmes, Michele & Loviglio, Jason (eds.) (2002) Radio Reader: Essays in the Cultural History of Radio. New York : Routledge.

Kessler, Lauren (1984). The Dissident Press: Alternative Journalism in American History. Beverly Hills, Calif. : Sage Publications

Land, Jeff Land (1999). Active Radio; Pacifica’s Brash Experiment. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Landry, Charles, Morley, Dave, Southwood, Russell & Wright, Patrick. (1985). What a Way to Run a Railroad: An Analysis of a Radical Failure. London, UK: Comedia.

Lasar, Matthew (2000). Pacifica Radio: The Rise of an Alternative Network. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

McChesney, Robert W. and Nichols, John (2002) Our Media, Not theirs: The Democratic Struggle Against Corporate Media. New York : Seven Stories.

Mohammadi, Annabelle (1994). Small Media, Big Revolution: Communication, Culture, and the Iranian Revolution. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Matelski, Nancy (1997) Messages from the Underground: Transnational Radio in Resistance and Solidarity. Westport, Conn: Praeger.

Meikle, Graham. (2002). Future Active: Media Activism and the Internet. New York: Routledge.

Opel, Andy (2004). Micro Radio and the FCC: Media Activism and the Struggle Over Broadcast Policy. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.

Project Censored (1999). The Progressive Guide to Alternative Media and Activism. New York: Seven Stories Press.

Riaño, Pilar. (Ed.) Women in Grassroots Communication: Furthering Social Change. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1994.

Rodriguez, Clemencia. (2001). Fissures in the Mediascape: An International Study of Citizen’s Media. Cresskill, New Jersey: Hampton Press.

Ruggiero,Greg. (1999) Microradio & Democracy: (Low) Power to the People. New York: Seven Stories Press.

Street, Michael & Matelski, Marilyn J. (1997). Voices in the Purple Haze: Underground Radio and the Sixties. Westport, Ct.: Praeger.

Streitmatter, Rodger (2001). Voices of revolution : the dissident press in America. New York: Columbia University Press.

Articles and Chapters:

No Author. (2003) The Growth and Growth of Bristol Indymedia. Media Development. 2003/4. (available here)

Abel, Richard (1997) An Alternative Press. Why? Publishing Research Quarterly 12(4): 78-84.

Albert, Michael. (2004) What makes alternative media alternative? Z Magazine. (available here).

Annie and Sam. (2003). From Indymedia UK to the United Kollektives. Media Development. 2003/4. (available here)

Atton, Chris (2000) ‘Alternative media in Scotland: problems, positions and "Product".’ Critical Quarterly 42 (4): 40-46.

Atton, Chris (1999). A Reassessment of the Alternative Press. Media Culture and Society. 21(1): 51-76.

Atton, Chris (2001) ‘Living in the past?: value discourses in progressive rock fanzines’, Popular Music 20 (1), January: 29-46.

Atton, Chris (2001). The Mundane and Its Reproduction in Alternative Media. Journal of Mundane Behaviour. 2(1): pp (available here)

Atton, Chris (2002). News Cultures and New Social Movements: Radical Journalism and the Mainstream Media. Journalism Studies. 3(4): pp

Atton, Chris (2003) “Reshaping Social Movement Media for a New Millennium” in Social Movement Studies 2(1) pp 3-15.

Atton, Chris (2003) What is 'alternative' journalism? Journalism: Theory, Practice and Criticism. 4(3). 267-273.

Avison, Shannon & Meadows, Michael (2000) Speaking and Hearing: Aboriginal Newspapers and the Public Sphere in Canada and Australia. Canadian Journal of Communication. (available here).

Beatty, J. (2000) From cooperative to court case: struggles for alternative radio at KOOP-FM in Austin, Texas. Journal of Radio Studies, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 310-328.

Black, D. (2001) Internet Radio: A Case Study in Medium Specificity. Media, Culture and Society. 23(3): 397-408.

Buckley, S. (2000) Radio's new horizons: Democracy and popular communication in the digital age. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 3(2): pp. 180-187

Comedia (1984) The Alternative Press: The Development of Underdevelopment. Media, Culture and Society 6: 95-102.

Coopman, Ted M. (no date) “High Speed Access: Micro Radio, Action, and Activism on the Internet” American Journal of Communication. (available here)

Coopman, Ted M (___) “Hardware Handshake: Listserv forms Backbone of National Free Radio Network”. American Journal of Communication. (available here).

Coyer, K. (2005). If It Leads It Bleeds: The Participatory Newsmaking of the Independent Media Centre. in W. de Jong, M. Shaw and N. Stammers. (eds.). Global Activism, Global Media. (pp. 165-178) London: Pluto Press

Coyer, Kate. (2005). Where the ‘Hyper Local’ and ‘Hyper Global’ Meet: Case Study of Indymedia Radio. Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture. 2(1): 30-50.

DeLuca, K. M. & Peeples, J. (2002) From Public Sphere to Public Screen: Democracy, Activism and the ‘Violence’ of Seattle. Critical Studies in Media Communication. 19(2): 124-151.

Dichter, Aliza. (2003). Is this what media democracy looks like?. Media Development. 2003/4. (available here).

Downing, John.(1995). “Alternative Media and the Boston Tea Party.” In Questioning The Media. John Downing, Ali Mohammadi and Annabelle Sreberny-Mohammadi (eds.). Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1995. 238-52.

Downing, John D.H. (2002) “A Multi-local, Multi-media Challenge to Global Neoliberalism” In Marc Raboy (ed .) Global Media Policy in the New Millennium. Luton, U.K. : University of Luton Press

Downing, John. (2003). “The Independent Media Center Movement and the Anarchist Socialist Tradition,” Contesting Media Power: Alternative Media in a Networked World. Ed. Nick Couldry. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.

Downing, John. (2003). Radical Media and Globalization. In L. Artz & Y.R. Kamalipour. (Eds). The Globalization of Corporate Media Hegemony. New York: SUNY Press.

Engelman, Ralph. 1990. "The Origins of Public Access Cable Television: 1966-1972." Journalism Monographs 123 (October): 1-47

Fiske, J (2002) Technostruggles: Black Liberation Radio” in M Hilmes and J. Loviglio (eds) Radio Reader: Essays in the Cultural History of Radio. New York: Routledge: 451-460

Forde, S (1997) Characteristics and values of alternative press journalists. Australian Studies in Journalism, vol. 6, pp. 104-126

Gibbs, Patricia L & Hamilton, James (no date) “Alternative media in Media History” in Media History. 7 (2). Pp 117 - 118

Hackett, Robert and Adam, Megan. (1999). Is Media Democratization a Social Movement? Peace Review.11(1): 125.

Hackett, Robert. (2000) "Taking Back the Media: Notes on the Potential for a Communicative Democracy Movement," Studies in Political Economy: A Socialist Review 63(3) pp. 61-86.

Hackett, Robert. (2001). Building a Movement for Media Democratization. in P. Philips & Project Censored. Project Censored 2001. New York: Seven Stories.

Hackett, Robert A. & Carroll, William K. (2004) Critical social movements and media reform. Media Development. 2004/1. (available here).

Halleck, Dee Dee (1984) Paper Tiger Television: Smashing the Myths of the Information Industry… Media, Culture and Society. 6: 313-316.

Halleck, DeeDee. (2003). Indymedia: Building an international activist internet network. Media Development. 2003/4. (available here).

Hamilton, James (2000) “Alternative Media: Conceptual Difficulties, Critical Possibilities” Journal of Communication Inquiry 24:4, October, pp 357-378.

Hamilton, James (2000) “The Inter-not?” M/C Reviews. (available here).

Hamilton, James (2001) Visualizing Critique: montage as a practice of alternative media. Media History 7 (2).

Hamilton, J. (2001). Theory through history: exploring scholarly conceptions of U.S. alternative media. The Communication Review, 4(3), pp. 304-326

Hamilton, James & Atton, Chris (2001) “Theorizing Anglo-American alternative media: toward a contextual history and analysis of US and UK scholarship”. Media History 7 (2).

Harcup, Tony (2003) 'The unspoken - said': the journalism of alternative media. Journalism: Theory, Practice and Criticism. 4(3). 356-376.

Harding, Thomas (1998) “Viva camcorditas! Video activism and the protest movement” in George McKay (ed) DiY Culture: Party & Protest in Nineties Britain. London: Verso.

Hartley, J. (2000) Radiocracy: Sound and citizenship. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 3(2): pp. 153-159

Higgins, John W. 2001. “The Praxis of Access: Access and Global Activism.” Community Media Review 24.2 (Summer): 19-21.

Hindman, E. B. (1998) "Spectacles of the poor": conventions of alternative news. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 177-193

Hintz, Arne. (2003). Indymedia Germany A local node of the global Indymedia network. Media Development. 2003/4. (available here).

Holloway, J. (1998). 'Undercurrent affairs': radical environmentalism and alternative news. Environment and Planning 30 (7). p. 1197-217

Howley, K. (2000) Radiocracy rulz! Microoradio as electronic activism International Journal of Cultural Studies. 3(2). pp. 256-267

Howley, Kevin. (2003). A poverty of voices: street papers as communicative democracy. Journalism: Theory, Practice and Criticism. 4(3). 273-292.

Huesca, R. & Dervin, B. (1994). Theory and practice in Latin American alternative communication research. Journal of Communication. 44(4). 53-73.

Kavada, Anastasia. (2005). Exploring the role of the internet in the ‘movement for alternative globalization’: The case of the Paris 2003 European Social Forum. Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture. 2(1): 72-95.

Ke S-C (2000) “The Emergence, Transformation, and Disintegration of Alternative Radio in Taiwan: From Underground Radio to Community Radio” in Journal of Communication Inquiry., 24(4). pp. 412-429

Keith, Michael C. (2002) Turn on ... Tune in: The Rise and Demise of Commercial Underground Radio. in M Hilmes and J. Loviglio (eds) Radio Reader: Essays in the Cultural History of Radio. New York: Routledge: 389-404.

Kellner, D. (1992). Public-Access television and the struggle for democracy. In J. Wasko & V. Mosco (Eds.) Democratic Communication in the Information Age. (pp. 100-113). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Khiabany, Gholam (2000) Red Pepper: A New Model for the Alternative Press? Media, Culture and Society 22:447-463.

Kidd, Dorothy. (1999). The Value of Alternative Media. Peace Review. 11(1): 113.

Kidd, Dorothy. (2003). “From Carnival to Commons: the Global IMC Network.” In Eddie Yuen and Daniel Burton Rose (eds.) Confronting Capitalism. New York: Soft Skull Press.

Kidd, Dorothy. (2003). Indymedia.org: A New Communications Commons. In Martha McCaughey and Michael Ayers. (eds) Cyberactivism: Online Activism in Theory and Practice. New York: Routledge.

Kidd, Dorothy (2003) Become the Media: The Global IMC Network. in Representing Resistance: Media, Civil Disobedience and the Global Justice Movement. Andrew Opel and Donnalyn Pompper, Eds. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing.

Kidd, Dorothy. (2003). The Independent Media Center: A new model. Media Development. 2003/4. (available here).

Kirkpatrick, Bill. 2002. “Re-thinking `Access’: Cultural Barriers to Public Access Television.” Community Media Review 25.2 (Summer): 20-23

Lewes J. (2000) The Underground Press in America (1964-1968): Outlining an Alternative, the Envisioning of an Underground. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 24(4). pp. 379-400

Long T.L. (2000) Plague of Pariahs: Aids 'Zines and the Rhetoric of Transgression in Journal of Communication Inquiry, 24(4). pp. 401-411

Makagon, Daniel (2000) “Accidents Should Happen: Cultural Disruption through Alternative Media”. Journal of Communication Inquiry 24:4 (October) pp430-447.

Mathes, R. & Pfetsch, B. (1991) The role of the alternative press in the agenda-building process: spill-over effects and media opinion leadership. European Journal of Communication, 6(1). pp. 33-62.

Mattelart, Armand (1983). Introduction: For a Class and Group Analysis of Popular Communication Practices. in A. Mattelart & S. Siegelaub (eds.). Communication and Class Struggle Vol. 2: Liberation, Socialism. New York: International General.

McKinley, Michelle A. & Jensen, Lene O. (2003) In Our Own Voices: Reproductive Health Radio Programming in the Peruvian Amazon. Critical Studies in Media Communication. 20 (2) p. 180-203

Meadows, Michael & Molnar, Helen (2002) “Bridging the Gaps: towards a history of Indigenous media in Australia “Media History 8(1) p9-20

Meikle, Graham. (2003). Indymedia and the new news net. Media Development. 2003/4. (available here).

Mele, Christopher (1999) ‘Cyberspace and Disadvantaged Communities: The Internet as a Tool for Collective Action.’ In Marc A. Smith and Peter Kollock (eds.), Communities in cyberspace, London: Routledge: 290-310.

Mitchell, C. (1998). Women's (community) radio as a feminist public sphere. Javnost The Public, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 73-86

Muhlenfeld H-U (2002) Mass Communication as Participation: Web-Radio in Germany: Legal Hazards and its Contribution to an Alternative Way of Mass Communication. European Journal of Communication, 17(1): pp. 103-113

Naidoo, Prishani. (2003). The Independent Media Centre – South Africa. Media Development. 2003/4. (available here).

O'Connor, A. (1990). The alternative press in Bolivia and Ecuador: the examples of Aquf and Punto de Vista. Howard Journal of Communication, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 349-356

Platon, Sara & Deuze, Mark (2003). Indymedia journalism: a radical way of making, selecting and sharing news? Journalism: Theory, Practice and Criticism. 4(3). 336-

Riismandel, Paul (2002) Radio by and for the Public: The Death and Resurrection of Low-Power. ” in M Hilmes and J. Loviglio (eds) Radio Reader: Essays in the Cultural History of Radio. New York: Routledge: 423-450.

Rodriguez, Clemencia. (1996). Shedding Useless Notions of Alternative Media. Peace-Review. 8, (1). 63-68.

Scott, D. Travers (2005). Protest Email as Alternative Media in the 2004 U.S. Presidential Campaign. Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture . 2(1): 51-71.

Spinelli M. (2000) Democratic rhetoric and emergent media: The marketing of participatory community on radio and the Internet. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 3(2): pp. 268-278

Tambini, D. (1999) New media and democracy: the civic networking movement. New Media & Society, 1(3): pp. 305-329

Traber, Michael. (1993). Changes of Communication Needs and Rights in Social Revolutions. S. Splichal & J. Wasko (eds.). Communication and Democracy. (pp. 19-31). Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corp.

Triggs, Teal (1995) 'Alphabet Soup: Reading British Fanzines.' Visible Language 29(1): 72-87.

Vatikiotis, P. (2005) Communication Theory and Alternative Media. Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture. 1 (2), 4-29.

Wray, Stephan (1999). On Electronic Civil Disobedience. Peace Review 11:1 p107-111.